Particles: と, も, から, まで, へ
The second group of particles opens the sentence outwards. と is “with” and also “and” between nouns: 友達と行きます, パンと水. も is “too” and replaces は, が or を — it never sits beside them: 私も学生です, not 私はも. から and まで open and close a stretch of place or time: 九時から五時まで. へ points a direction and in practice swaps with に for movement, though へ stresses the heading and に the arrival. や lists without closing the list (“…and so on”), against と which closes it. And の joins two nouns with the possessor first: 私の本, 日本語の先生.
Where this sits
- Comes after
- Particles: は, が, を, に, で
Exercises from this rung
Generated by the app, from easiest to hardest
私はパンを食べます。ご飯___食べます。
- も
- と
- を
- は
Why も is “too” and takes the place of は, が or を: you never write をも or はも. Repeated, it means “both… and…”: パンもご飯も食べます.
easier家___駅まで歩きます。
- から
- で
- まで
- に
Why から opens the stretch and まで closes it, in space as in time: 九時から五時まで. から has a second use, “because”, after a whole clause.
in between千円___ありません。
- しか
- は
- だけ
- も
Why しか demands a negative verb and adds the complaint: “no more than”. だけ is the neutral “only” and takes an affirmative verb: 千円だけあります. Same amount, two attitudes.
harder